Range. Temperate and tropical Asia. Can be cultivated in the hot and humid  parts of Myanmar, to altitudes of 610 m.

Uses

Seed: Bitter, used to stimulate appetite; correct imbalances in phlegm and gas; prevent jaundice, fainting, and facial paralysis; also taken as a laxative to rid the body of impurities. Ground seed paste is applied to scorpion stings to neutralize the venom. A mixture of oil from the seeds and  ginger juice is used as medicine for whoop­ing cough in children. One part of their oil is mixed with eight parts of coconut oil and used as a rub for aching joints. The oil can also be used for stomach disorders, hyper­tension, fevers, inflammation, infections, and diseases of the throat and ear.

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Origin:
Native to South-East Asia. Now cultivated in Assam, Bengal and South India.

Action:
Cathartic, rubefacient, irritant. Used in ascites, anasarca, dropsy and enlargement of abdominal viscera.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.